Discover the Latest Updates on Stainless Steel Valves in China

Various Types of Ball Valves for Oil, Gas and Water with 18 Months Quality Guarantee

manufacturers, ball valve, oil and gas industry, water industry, quality guarantee, Relia Valve, cheap ball valves.Ball valves are one of the most commonly used valves in the oil, gas, and water industry. These valves are designed to regulate the flow of fluids by opening or closing the valve with the help of a ball that rotates in the valve. One of the major advantages of using ball valves is that they provide tight shut-off, which means they minimize the leakage of fluids.There are different types of ball valves, each with its unique design and application. However, all these ball valves function in a similar way to regulate the flow of fluids. The three main types of ball valves include:1. Full port ball valves: These valves have a large opening compared to the pipe size, which allows for maximum flow of fluids.2. Reduced port ball valves: These valves have a smaller opening compared to the pipe size, which can restrict the flow of fluids. However, they are cheaper compared to full port ball valves.3. V-port ball valves: These valves have a V-shaped ball that is designed to regulate the flow of fluids at different angles. They are commonly used in applications that require precise flow control.To ensure quality and reliability, it's important to purchase ball valves from reputable manufacturers. One of the most trusted ball valve manufacturers in China is Relia Valve. They offer a wide range of ball valves that are specifically designed for the oil, gas, and water industry.Relia Valve's ball valves are designed to withstand harsh environments, including extreme temperatures, pressure, and corrosive fluids. They are made from high-quality materials, including stainless steel, carbon steel, and brass. In addition, all their ball valves are tested to meet international standards and come with an 18-month quality guarantee.One of the major advantages of purchasing ball valves from China is that they are relatively cheaper compared to other manufacturers in Europe and the United States. This is because China has a large market for ball valves, which results in economies of scale. Consequently, China ball valve manufacturers are able to offer quality ball valves at affordable prices.In conclusion, ball valves are an essential component in the oil, gas, and water industry. They are designed to regulate the flow of fluids with the help of a rotating ball that opens or closes the valve. There are different types of ball valves, including full port, reduced port, and V-port ball valves. To ensure quality and reliability, it's important to purchase ball valves from reputable manufacturers such as Relia Valve. China ball valve manufacturers offer quality ball valves at affordable prices, making them a popular choice for companies in the oil, gas, and water industry.

Discover the Leading OEM Flow Water Meter Manufacturer in China

China OEM Flow Water Meter Factory: Leading the Way in Water Management SolutionsWater scarcity is a pressing issue worldwide, making efficient water management solutions more crucial than ever. In this context, China OEM Flow Water Meter Factory has emerged as a leading provider of innovative and reliable flow water meters, catering to industries and facilities across the globe. With a keen focus on technological advancements and customer satisfaction, the company has gained a solid reputation for its precision engineering and superior quality products.Established in [YEAR], China OEM Flow Water Meter Factory has rapidly grown to become a prominent player in the water management industry. Its success can be attributed to its unwavering commitment to excellence, constant innovation, and a deep understanding of customer needs. The company's core principle revolves around developing cutting-edge solutions that enable efficient water usage, conservation, and accurate measurement.One of the key strengths of China OEM Flow Water Meter Factory lies in its state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities. Equipped with the latest machinery, the factory ensures the production of high-precision and durable flow water meters. By leveraging advanced technologies, such as electromagnetic, ultrasonic, and positive displacement measurements, the company is able to offer a diverse range of products suitable for various applications.In addition to remarkable manufacturing capabilities, China OEM Flow Water Meter Factory also places great emphasis on research and development. With a dedicated team of engineers and technicians, the company consistently invests in improving its products and exploring new solutions. This commitment to innovation allows them to stay ahead of the competition and deliver cutting-edge solutions that address the evolving needs of their customers.Furthermore, customer satisfaction is at the forefront of China OEM Flow Water Meter Factory's operations. Its customer-centric approach ensures that the company maintains long-term relationships with clients from diverse industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, energy, and utilities. By understanding specific requirements and providing tailored solutions, the company guarantees optimal performance and value for its customers.With an extensive product portfolio, including electromagnetic flow meters, ultrasonic flow meters, turbine flow meters, and volumetric flow meters, China OEM Flow Water Meter Factory offers a comprehensive range of options to suit various applications and flow conditions. Its products are known for their accuracy, reliability, and durability, making them a preferred choice for water management professionals worldwide.Aside from its commitment to exceptional product quality, China OEM Flow Water Meter Factory also prioritizes environmental sustainability. Recognizing the importance of responsible water usage, the company strives to develop products that contribute to efficient water management. By providing accurate flow measurements, their meters enable users to monitor and regulate water consumption, leading to better conservation practices and reduced wastage.Moreover, China OEM Flow Water Meter Factory firmly believes in the power of collaboration and partnerships. By fostering alliances with international and domestic organizations, research institutions, and industry experts, the company stays updated on the latest developments and trends. This collaborative approach enables them to continuously improve their products, enhance industry standards, and contribute to global water security efforts.In conclusion, China OEM Flow Water Meter Factory stands at the forefront of the water management industry, offering innovative and reliable flow water meters that address the challenges of water scarcity and management. With a focus on technological advancements, customer satisfaction, and environmental sustainability, the company consistently delivers high-quality products that meet the diverse needs of industries worldwide. As the world becomes more aware of the importance of efficient water management, China OEM Flow Water Meter Factory remains poised to lead the way with its dedication to excellence and continuous innovation.

New Advancements in Underfloor Manifold Unveiled - A Boon to China's Construction Industry

China’s innovative underfloor heating systems have been a popular choice amongst consumers across the globe, particularly in those areas which experience severe winters. In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for underfloor heating, and China has made significant progress in the development of heating solutions that provide maximum comfort and energy efficiency. Underfloor manifold, a vital component in underfloor heating, plays a significant role in its functioning.Chinese companies have played a huge role in bringing the underfloor manifold technology into the spotlight and have been introducing an array of underfloor heating products that have been redefining the heating industry. Most of these companies operate on the principle of research, development, and innovation, and it is this active pursuit of new technologies that has allowed the underfloor manifold market to grow exponentially.One such company is a China-based manufacturer and supplier of underfloor heating systems and accessories. They specialize in the production and distribution of high-quality products that cater to a global clientele. The company is committed to providing eco-friendly heating solutions that are energy-efficient, cost-effective, and easy to install. It has a team of professionals who have vast experience and expertise in the heating industry, which has helped them to maintain their position as one of the leading underfloor manifold manufacturers.The underfloor manifold produced by this company is designed to deliver rapid, on-demand heating to various parts of a home or commercial building. The underfloor manifold works as the heart of the heating system by controlling the flow of water and temperature of each individual loop of the underfloor system. It's the perfect addition to residential homes, apartments, offices, hotels, and other commercial structures.One of the significant advantages of the underfloor manifold system is that it can be customized to fit the customer's specific needs. The underfloor manifold is produced in various sizes and with adjustable outlets depending on the requirements of the location. This makes the system highly versatile and adaptable, hence making it a popular choice amongst homeowners, hoteliers and commercial building owners.The underfloor manifold produced by this company is made using high-quality materials, which are tested and monitored to ensure adherence to international standards. With quality being a top priority, the company has established a rigorous quality control process that is implemented throughout the manufacturing process. The stringent quality measures put in place ensure that the end products are of top quality and meet the customers' needs.The company continuously invests in research and development to maintain its position as an industry leader. Through this, it has developed innovative technology that makes the underfloor manifold system even more efficient. One of the significant advancements is the smart control system, which allows customers to have real-time control of heating every individual room through their mobile devices. This is an excellent feature for people who desire to have an efficient heating system that is easy to control from anywhere, any time.The company is motivated to provide eco-friendly heating solutions that reduce greenhouse emissions while providing maximum comfort and energy efficiency. The underfloor manifold system is an excellent option for those who want to reduce their carbon footprint while enjoying the numerous benefits that underfloor heating provides.In conclusion, the underfloor manifold produced by China's leading underfloor heating manufacturers and suppliers offers an innovative and cost-effective heating solution that provides maximum comfort and energy efficiency to every room in a house or commercial buildings. The manifold system's flexibility makes it an ideal choice for homeowners and commercial building owners who want a heating solution that can be customized to fit their specific requirements. The company's commitment to quality, continuous research, development, and innovation makes it one of the industry's leading underfloor manifold manufacturers. As the demand for eco-friendly heating solutions increases, underfloor heating systems, and the underfloor manifold will continue to play an essential role in the heating industry's revolution.

Smart Flange Type Electric Water Meter for Prepaid Usage with AMR Remote Control

Global Stainless Steel Market Shows Signs of Growth in 2021

China stainless steel industry has a unique place in the global market with its booming growth in the recent past. The industry undoubtedly plays a crucial role in shaping China's economic development. One such company that has made significant progress in the stainless steel industry is Xinyu Iron and Steel Group.Xinyu Iron and Steel Group, also known as XISC, is one of the largest steel manufacturers in China, located in Jiangxi province. The company's history dates back to the early 1940s, starting as a small mill that produced steel bars, wires, and nails. Currently, the company specializes in the production of stainless steel sheets, coils, and tubes, among other products.Over the years, XISC has gradually expanded its production capacity, surpassing its competitors' production and quality standards. The company's stainless steel products have consistently been among the highest quality in the Chinese market, thanks to their state-of-the-art production equipment and advanced technology.XISC's stainless steel products have a wide range of applications, such as construction, automobile manufacturing, marine engineering, and household appliances, to name a few. These products have gained a solid reputation both domestically and internationally, earning XISC recognition as a reliable and respected supplier.China Stainless Steel, a leading stainless steel media platform in China, recently covered XISC's success story in the stainless steel industry. The article highlighted several reasons why XISC has become a notable powerhouse in the industry.One of the most crucial factors that contribute to XISC's success is its strict quality control measures, ensuring that their stainless steel products meet both national and international standards. The company has acquired numerous certifications, including ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, and more recently, the European Union's CE certification. XISC's commitment to quality has helped them to maintain a loyal customer base that trusts them to deliver products that meet their exact specifications.XISC has also invested heavily in research and development, continually improving their production processes to meet the evolving market demands. In 2019, the company established a research institute in collaboration with Central South University, focusing on industrial design, new materials, and intelligent manufacturing. This new partnership has allowed the company to stay on the cutting edge of innovation in the industry.Another critical factor that has enabled XISC to excel in the industry is its emphasis on environmental protection. With the increasing global demand for sustainable products and practices, XISC has made significant efforts to minimize its environmental impact. For example, the company has implemented energy-saving technologies such as hot blast stove waste heat recovery, sintering flue gas desulfurization, and dust removal to reduce emissions and conserve energy.Despite the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, XISC has remained resilient, continually adapting to the changing market conditions. According to China Stainless Steel, the company's sales in the first quarter of 2020 increased compared to the same period in 2019. This impressive performance is a testament to the company's adaptability and strong market position.In conclusion, Xinyu Iron and Steel Group has demonstrated that innovation, strict quality control measures, environmental protection, and adaptability are critical to success in the stainless steel industry. As the company continues to grow and expand its production capacity, it is poised to become a major player in the global market.

Wholesale Stainless Steel Ball Valve Suppliers in China Focus on Quality

China Wholesale Stainless Steel Ball Valve Suppliers: Supplying High-Quality Valves to Meet Global DemandIn the world of industrial machinery and fluid control systems, ball valves play a crucial role in regulating the flow of liquids and gases. With their precision engineering and versatile design, stainless steel ball valves have gained significant popularity among manufacturers and industries worldwide. China, with its advanced manufacturing capabilities and competitive prices, has emerged as a leading supplier of stainless steel ball valves. This article will explore the thriving industry of Chinese wholesale stainless steel ball valve suppliers and delve into the company’s commitment to providing high-quality products to meet global demand.China has evolved into a manufacturing giant, excelling in producing a wide range of industrial products, including stainless steel ball valves. These valves are commonly used in various industries, such as oil and gas, chemical processing, water treatment, and power generation. Understanding the importance of quality and reliability in such applications, Chinese wholesale suppliers have invested heavily in research and development, adopting advanced technologies, and implementing stringent quality control measures to ensure the production of superior valves.One prominent Chinese wholesale stainless steel ball valve supplier, named Company A, has emerged as a trusted global player in the valve industry. With years of experience and expertise, they have positioned themselves as a leading manufacturer and exporter of stainless steel ball valves to countries around the world. Their extensive product range covers a variety of valve types, sizes, and pressure ratings, catering to diverse customer requirements.Company A’s success can be attributed to its commitment to quality and innovation. They utilize modern manufacturing facilities equipped with state-of-the-art machinery and production lines. By employing advanced manufacturing techniques, such as CNC machining and automation, they are able to ensure precision and consistency in every valve produced. Moreover, their continuous investment in research and development enables them to introduce innovative designs and materials, enhancing the performance and durability of their products.To maintain their high-quality standards, Company A adheres to strict quality control protocols. They have implemented a comprehensive quality management system that encompasses every stage of the production process - from raw material procurement to the final inspection. Additionally, their valves undergo rigorous testing procedures, including pressure and leakage tests, to guarantee optimal performance and safety.Understanding the importance of customer satisfaction, Company A strives to provide exceptional service to clients worldwide. Their sales team consists of knowledgeable professionals who possess a deep understanding of valve applications and industry requirements. They work closely with customers, providing technical support and guidance to ensure the selection of the most suitable valve for specific needs. Furthermore, with a robust logistics network, they ensure prompt delivery of orders, regardless of the global destination.In an era of environmental consciousness, sustainable manufacturing practices have gained paramount importance. Company A recognizes this and takes active measures to reduce their environmental footprint. They have implemented energy-saving initiatives, waste management systems, and eco-friendly production processes, demonstrating their commitment to a greener future.With its dedication to quality, innovation, and customer satisfaction, Company A has carved out a niche in the competitive stainless steel ball valve market. Their products have gained recognition for their reliability, durability, and cost-effectiveness. As a result, they have secured strong partnerships with clients globally, establishing themselves as a trusted name in the industry.In conclusion, the Chinese wholesale stainless steel ball valve suppliers have become integral to the global industrial landscape. With advanced manufacturing capabilities, adherence to quality standards, and commitment to customer satisfaction, companies like Company A have garnered a strong reputation in the market. As the demand for high-quality valves continues to rise, China remains a reliable source for stainless steel ball valves, providing the world with the necessary components to ensure the smooth operation of industrial processes.

Affordable and Durable Gate Valves from Reliable Manufacturers in China - Page 6

Gate valves are widely used in various industries such as oil and gas, petrochemical, and water treatment. It is a valve that is designed to open and close by lifting a wedge-shaped metal gate to control the flow of fluids. One of the leading gate valve manufacturers and suppliers in China is Jingyilai. They offer wholesale gate valves at factory prices, including stainless steel gate valves.China has become a hub for valve manufacturing, producing high-quality valves that are exported to different parts of the world. Chinese manufacturers have excelled in designing and producing gate valves, among other types of valves. These valves are known for their durability, reliability, and excellent performance.Chinese gate valve manufacturers like Jingyilai procure high-grade raw materials like stainless steel, carbon steel, and other alloys. They use advanced technology and skilled labor to produce valves that meet industry standards. They produce gate valves of different sizes, designs, and materials to meet the requirements of their clients.Stainless steel gate valves are widely used in industries that require high corrosion resistance. Stainless steel is a popular material because it is resistant to rust, corrosion, and staining. It is easy to clean, making it a popular choice in the food and beverage industry. Stainless steel gate valve manufacturers in China produce high-quality valves that are resistant to harsh environments and corrosive substances.Jingyilai is one such manufacturer and supplier of stainless steel gate valves. They use high-quality stainless steel materials to produce valves that are highly resistant to corrosion, rust, and other forms of deterioration. They produce gate valves that are suitable for various applications in different industries. They offer wholesale prices, making their products highly affordable.Chinese manufacturers have gained popularity in the global market due to their cost-effectiveness and excellent quality. They have positioned themselves as leaders in the valve manufacturing industry. They have excellent infrastructure, skilled labor, and advanced technology that help them produce high-quality products in large quantities.In conclusion, Jingyilai is a leading Chinese manufacturer and supplier of gate valves. They offer a range of products at factory prices, including stainless steel gate valves. Chinese manufacturers have gained trust and recognition for their excellent quality, cost-effectiveness, and timely delivery. Therefore, it is advisable to consider China wholesale stainless steel gate valve manufacturers when looking for high-quality products at affordable prices.

Wholesale Providers of Ultrasonic Meter Pipes - Top Option for China Buyers

Title: China's Leading Wholesale S.S Ultrasonic Meter Pipes Suppliers Expand Market ReachIntroduction:China's wholesale market continues to witness rapid advancements and growth in various industries, including the manufacturing and distribution of S.S Ultrasonic Meter Pipes. Among the leading suppliers in this sector, a prominent Chinese company is revolutionizing the market with an extensive range of high-quality pipes. With their meticulous manufacturing processes, commitment to technological innovation, and dedication to customer satisfaction, this company has become a go-to choice for businesses and individuals seeking top-grade Ultrasonic Meter Pipes.Company Overview:Founded with a vision to provide reliable and efficient solutions to meet the evolving demands of the industry, this Chinese wholesale supplier of S.S Ultrasonic Meter Pipes has rapidly grown its customer base both domestically and internationally. The company boasts state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities equipped with cutting-edge technologies and a dedicated team of engineers and technicians who ensure the production of premium-grade pipes.Committed to delivering unrivaled quality, this wholesale supplier adheres to stringent production standards, ensuring that every pipe undergoes rigorous testing for durability, accuracy, and longevity. With a commitment to continuous improvement, they consistently invest in research and development, allowing them to stay on the forefront of technological advancements in their industry.News Content:In line with their commitment to expanding their market reach and catering to a global clientele, this leading Chinese wholesale supplier of S.S Ultrasonic Meter Pipes has announced its plans to enhance its distribution network to new regions. The company aims to provide its products to a wider range of businesses, contractors, and manufacturing firms worldwide, leveraging its reputation for excellence and reliability.Through strategic partnerships and collaborations, this wholesale supplier will be able to offer its products to a broader customer base. By tapping into new markets and establishing strong distribution channels, the company seeks to establish long-term relationships with customers around the world. With an extensive range of Ultrasonic Meter Pipes that meet various industry specifications, they are poised to meet the diverse demands of customers in different sectors.The high-quality standards maintained by this wholesale supplier are not limited to their products; the company also offers exceptional customer service. With a team of experienced professionals, they are committed to providing personalized assistance to clients, offering guidance and support throughout the purchase process. Whether customers require assistance with selecting the right product or need technical advice, the company's experts are readily available to ensure a smooth and satisfactory experience.Recognizing the evolving needs of the market, this leading supplier is continuously expanding its product range. Their commitment to innovation has led to the development of Ultrasonic Meter Pipes that boast improved accuracy, efficiency, and ease of installation. Through collaborations with industry experts and investments in research and development, the company strives to stay ahead of the curve, providing cutting-edge solutions to its customers.Conclusion:As China's top wholesale S.S Ultrasonic Meter Pipes supplier expands its market reach, businesses and individuals worldwide will benefit from access to high-quality products and exceptional customer service. With their commitment to technological innovation, stringent quality control processes, and dedication to meeting customer requirements, this company continues to revolutionize the industry and set new benchmarks for excellence. With their extensive product range, global distribution capabilities, and commitment to customer satisfaction, this wholesale supplier is poised to make a significant impact on the S.S Ultrasonic Meter Pipes market worldwide.

High-Quality 3-Inch Spray Sprinkler with Male Riser, Flush Cap and Check Valve - Limited Time Offer

Title: Efficient and Reliable Watering with 3-Inch Check Valve Sprinkler RiserIntroduction:Proper irrigation is vital for maintaining healthy lawns and gardens. A well-designed sprinkler system is essential in ensuring that every inch of your landscape receives adequate water. In this blog post, we will explore the benefits and features of the 3-inch check valve sprinkler riser, a powerful and efficient solution for irrigation needs.Understanding the Importance of a Check Valve Sprinkler Riser:A check valve sprinkler riser plays a crucial role in preventing water waste and improving the efficiency of your irrigation system. Water loss often occurs when the system is turned off, due to the gravitational flow that causes water to drain out from the sprinkler head. However, with a check valve mechanism built into the sprinkler riser, the water flow is stopped as soon as the system is shut off, minimizing wastage.The Benefits of a 3-Inch Check Valve Sprinkler Riser:1. Efficient Water Distribution: The 3-inch check valve sprinkler riser is designed to evenly distribute water across your landscape, ensuring that every inch receives the necessary amount of hydration. This prevents overwatering or leaving any patches dry and promotes healthy growth.2. Reduced Water Waste: By preventing water drain-back, the check valve feature in the sprinkler riser helps to reduce water waste significantly. This not only promotes responsible water usage but also helps to lower utility bills.3. Consistent Water Pressure: The inclusion of a check valve in the sprinkler riser maintains consistent water pressure throughout the system. This means that regardless of the slope or elevation changes in your landscape, the water will be distributed evenly, providing optimal irrigation for your plants.4. Durability and Longevity: The 3-inch check valve sprinkler riser is built to withstand the elements and the wear and tear of regular use. Crafted from resilient materials, it is resistant to damage caused by UV rays, chemicals, and abrupt changes in temperature. This ensures a long lifespan, saving you money on frequent replacements.Features of the 3-Inch Check Valve Sprinkler Riser:1. Male Riser: The male riser fitting allows for easy integration into your existing sprinkler system. It ensures a secure connection and minimizes the risk of leaks, providing consistent performance.2. Flush Cap: The included flush cap enables easy and thorough cleaning of the sprinkler riser. This prevents clogging and ensures that each irrigation cycle delivers optimal results.3. Easy Installation: The 3-inch check valve sprinkler riser is designed for seamless installation. Its user-friendly design allows both professionals and DIY enthusiasts to set up the system quickly and efficiently.4. Compatibility: This sprinkler riser is compatible with a wide range of sprinkler heads, offering versatility in designing your irrigation system. Its adaptable design ensures that it can be tailored to meet the specific needs of your landscape.Conclusion:Efficient and responsible landscape irrigation is crucial for maintaining the health and beauty of your plants. The 3-inch check valve sprinkler riser offers a reliable solution to address water waste, inconsistent water pressure, and uneven watering patterns. By investing in this innovative and durable sprinkler riser, you can achieve a healthy and thriving landscape while conserving water resources.For all your watering needs, consider incorporating a 3-inch check valve sprinkler riser into your irrigation system. With its intelligent design and efficient operation, you can enjoy a beautiful and well-maintained landscape all year long.Keywords: check valve sprinkler riser, 3-inch, efficient water distribution, reduced water waste, consistent water pressure, durability, male riser, flush cap, easy installation, compatibility.

Stainless Steel Screwed Gate Valves: Durable and Reliable Solutions for Your Pipeline Needs

KCM TECH Group- Products Introduces New Stainless Steel Screwed Gate ValveKCM TECH Group- Products, a leading manufacturer of industrial valves, has unveiled its latest offering in the form of a stainless steel screwed gate valve. The new valve is designed to meet the high demands of industrial applications, and its unique features promise to provide maximum performance and longevity.As a company that has been in the industry for over a decade, KCM TECH Group- Products has a reputation for always delivering high-quality products. The introduction of this new valve is no exception as it combines state-of-the-art technology, cutting-edge design, and the best materials available.The stainless-steel screwed gate valve is engineered to handle processes that require precise control, shut-off, and regulation. These valves are used in controlling the flow of fluid in various industries, including water treatment plants, chemical processing, and oil refineries, among others.One of the unique features of this valve is its screw-in bonnet, which makes it easy to access the internal components without having to remove the entire valve from the piping system. This design feature saves both time and money during maintenance and repair.An additional advantage of the stainless-steel screwed gate valve is its versatility. It can be used in both high and low-temperature applications, making it an ideal choice for a wide range of industries. The valve is also suitable for use with a wide range of fluids, including liquids, gases, and steam.At KCM TECH Group- Products, quality control is taken very seriously, and this new valve is no exception. The manufacturing process involves ensuring that all materials meet the strictest standards, including testing the valve under different conditions to ensure optimal performance.The new stainless-steel screwed gate valve is designed to be long-lasting and withstand the harsh environments typical of industrial processes. Its stainless-steel construction is resistant to corrosion, which ensures it is durable, even in corrosive environments.In conclusion, KCM TECH Group- Products has yet again demonstrated its commitment to providing top-quality industrial valves with the introduction of the stainless-steel screwed gate valve. The valve combines technology, design, and materials that meet the highest standards in the industry and will serve to meet the diverse needs of industrial processes. With KCM TECH Group- Products' unwavering focus on quality, customers can be assured of a high-performing valve that offers reliability, durability, and cost-effectiveness.